How to intervene on walls with rising damp?

PROBLEM: Walls with rising damp

In old buildings, the most frequent cause of degradation of masonry and plaster is rising damp. As water rises through the capillaries of the masonry, it carries dissolved salts from the ground. These salts (usually chlorides, nitrates, and sulfates) are deposited on the surface of the plaster as crystals when they evaporate. Chlorides and nitrates, being highly hygroscopic, absorb water on humid days, retaining it inside the masonry, which reduces insulation and causes destructive effects in freeze-thaw cycles. Sulfates, on the other hand, along with other components in the plaster, form expansive salts, leading to a significant increase in volume. The plaster, first, and then the crust of the masonry, continuously subjected to this deteriorating action, eventually crumble rapidly.